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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Panic Disorder
MEDICAL CONDITIONS
• Endocrinopathies
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Pheochromocytoma
• Carcinoid tumor
• Cardiac and respiratory diseases
• Arrhythmias
• Myocardial infarction
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Asthma
• Metabolic
• Hypoglycemia
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Porphyria
• Seizure disorders
• Psychiatric disorders (NOTE: Panic attacks are common in a variety of psychiatric disorders. Panic disorder could be conceptualized as a phobia of the somatic sensations or situations that have become paired with panic attacks.)
• Phobias (e.g., specific phobia or social phobia)
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (cued by exposure to the object of the obsession)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (cued by recall of a stressor)
• Therapeutic (theophylline, steroids) and recreational (cocaine, amphetamine, caffeine, diet pills) drugs and drug withdrawal (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Papilledema
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Sarcoidosis
• Pseudotumor cerebri
• Orbital lesions
• Metabolic abnormalities
• Medications (e.g., lithium, cisplatin, corticosteroids, tetracycline)
• Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Head trauma
• CNS neoplasm (primary or metastatic)
• CNS infections (viral, bacterial, fungal)
• Central retinal vein occlusion
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis
• Carbon dioxide retention
• Arnold-Chiari malformation and other developmental or congenital malformations
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Papulosquamous Diseases
• Tinea versicolor
• Secondary syphilis
• Psoriasis
• Pityriasis rubra pilaris
• Pityriasis rosea
• Pityriasis lichenoides
• Parapsoriasis
• Mycosis fungoides
• Lichen planus
• Lichen nitidus
• Dermatophytosis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes
• Stiff-man syndrome
• Sensory neuropathy
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Optic neuritis, uveitis, retinopathy
• Myasthenia gravis
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Encephalomyelitis
• Dermatomyositis
• Cerebellar degeneration
• Carcinoid myopathy
• Brachial neuritis
• Autonomic neuropathy
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pancytopenia
PANCYTOPENIA WITH HYPOCELLULAR BONE MARROW
• Acquired aplastic anemia
• Inherited aplastic anemia (Fanconi’s anemia and others)
• Some myelodysplasia syndromes
• Rare aleukemic leukemia (acute myelogenous leukemia)
• Some acute lymphoblastic leukemias
• Some lymphomas of bone marrow
PANCYTOPENIA WITH CELLULAR BONE MARROW
• Primary bone marrow diseases
• Myelodysplasia syndromes
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
• Myelofibrosis
• Some aleukemic leukemias
• Myelophthisis
• Bone marrow lymphoma
• Hairy cell leukemia
• Secondary to systemic diseases
• Systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome
• Hypersplenism
• Vitamin B12, folate deficiency (familial defect)
• Overwhelming infection
• Alcohol
• Brucellosis, ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis,* and atypical mycobacteria
HYPOCELLULAR BONE MARROW ± CYTOPENIA
• Q fever
• Legionnaires’ disease
• Mycobacteria tuberculosis
• Anorexia nervosa, starvation
• Hypothyroidism
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
• Primary peritoneal cancer
• Primary cancer from breast, GI tract, or other pelvic organ metastasized to the ovary
• Pelvic kidney
• Pedunculated uterine fibroid
• Ovarian torsion
• Functional ovarian cyst
• Endometriosis
• Benign ovarian tumor
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.