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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis
• Basilar meningitis
• Botulism
• Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
• Congenital myasthenic syndromes
• Intracranial mass lesion with cranial neuropathy
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
• Medication-induced myasthenia
• Miller-Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Thyroid disease
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mycosis Fungoides
• Alopecia mucinosa
• Atopic dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Drug eruptions
• Lymphomatoid papulosis
• Nummular dermatitis
• Parapsoriases
• Photodermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Superficial fungal infections
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mydriasis
• Cerebral aneurysm
• Cerebral neoplasm
• Coma
• Glaucoma
• Head trauma
• Iridocyclitis
• Medications (e.g., cocaine, atropine, epinephrine)
• Ocular trauma
• Optic atrophy
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Myelin Disorders
• Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
• Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy
• Adrenoleukodystrophy
• Hypoxia
• Irradiation
• Krabbe’s disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Phenylketonuria
• Progressive multifocal encephalopathy
• Toxicity from carbon monoxide, alcohol, mercury
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
• Autoimmune disease
• Exposure to toxins (e.g., drugs, alcohol, chemotherapy)
• Hereditary dysplasias (e.g., Fanconi’s anemia, Diamond-Blackfan syndrome)
• Infections (TB, viral infections)
• Irradiation
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
• Renal failure
• Vitamin B12/folate deficiency
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Myelopathy and Myelitis
INFLAMMATORY
• Infectious: spirochetal, TB, zoster, rabies, HIV, polio, rickettsial, fungal, parasitic
• Noninfectious: idiopathic transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis
TOXIC/METABOLIC
• Diabetes mellitus (DM), pernicious anemia, chronic liver disease,pellagra, arsenic
TRAUMA, COMPRESSION
• Spinal neoplasm, cervical spondylosis, epidural abscess, epidural hematoma
VASCULAR
• Arteriovenous (AV) malformation, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), periarteritis nodosa, dissecting aortic aneurysm
PHYSICAL AGENTS
• Electrical injury, irradiation
NEOPLASTIC
• Spinal cord tumors, paraneoplastic myelopathy
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Myocardial Ischemia
• “Functional” causes of myocardial ischemia in absence of anatomic coronary artery disease: syndrome X, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, muscle bridge, hypertensive heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease; aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation
• Aberrant origin of coronary artery from aorta or another coronaryartery
• Acquired disorders of coronary arteries
• Anomalous origin of coronary artery from pulmonary artery
• Atherosclerotic obstructive coronary artery disease
• Collagen-vascular disease: polyarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma
• Congenital coronary artery anomalies
• Coronary arteriovenous fistula
• Coronary artery aneurysm
• Coronary artery embolism
• Coronary artery spasm
• Dissection: surgical, during percutaneous coronary angioplasty, aortic dissection, spontaneous (e.g., during pregnancy)
• Extrinsic compression: tumors, granulomas, amyloidosis
• Hereditary disorders: pseudoxanthoma elasticum, gargoylism, progeria, homocystinuria, primary oxaluria
• Miscellaneous disorders: irradiation, trauma, Kawasaki’s disease
• Nonatherosclerotic coronary artery disease
• Syphilis
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.