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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Enthesopathy
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Disseminated idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
• Drug induced (quinolones, etretinate)
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Reactive arthritis
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Viremia or bacteremia
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Enuresis
• May be associated with encopresis and sleep disorders such as sleep terrors; much less likely to be a primary psychological disorder
• Organic causes of enuresis include diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, bladder outlet obstruction, small bladder capacity, detrusor instability, urethral valves, meatal stenosis, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, pelvic mass, impacted stool, sedating medications, and nocturnal seizures.
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Eosinophiluria
• Café au lait spots
• Hepatorenal syndrome Ephelides (Freckles)
• Interstitial nephritis
• Kidney transplant rejection
• Lentigo
• Melanocytic nevus
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Tinea versicolor
• Tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism (ATN)
• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Epicondylitis
• Cervical radiculopathy
• Intra-articular elbow pathology (osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, loose body)
• Medial collateral ligament instability
• Radial nerve compression
• Ulnar neuropathy
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dumping Syndrome
• Afferent loop syndromes
• Bile acid reflux after surgery
• Bowel obstruction
• Gastroenteric fistula
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Pancreatic insufficiency
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
• Anatomic nonuterine causes: cervical neoplasia, cervicitis; vaginal neoplasia, adhesions, trauma, foreign body, atrophic vaginitis, infections, condyloma; vulvar trauma, infections, neoplasia, condyloma, dystrophy, varices
• Anatomic uterine causes: leiomyomas, adenomyosis, polyps,endometrial hyperplasia, cancer, STDs, intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)
• Coagulopathies: von Willebrand disease, thrombocytopenia, hepatic failure
• Endocrinopathies: thyroid disorder, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus (DM)
• GI tract: hemorrhoids, anal fissure, colorectal lesions
• Pregnancy-related cause
• Systemic diseases: exogenous hormone intake, renal disease
• Urinary tract: urethral caruncle, diverticulum, hematuria
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dysmenorrhea
• Transverse vaginal septum
• Polyps
• Pelvic congestion syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Ovarian cysts
• Leiomyomas
• Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) use
• Imperforate hymen
• Endometriosis, endometritis
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Congenital malformation of müllerian system
• Cervical strictures or stenosis
• Allen-Masters syndrome
• Adhesions
• Adenomyosis
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.