psychology 

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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attribute
An attribute is any quality, property, feature, or aspect of a phenomenon—whether an object, event, concept, schema, or person—and can be discussed in terms of integral versus separable attributes; the term derives from Latin meaning “to assign.”


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attitude similarity hypothesis
The attitude similarity (similarity-attraction) hypothesis states that people tend to be more attracted to others who share their important attitudes and values, a proposition that has been strongly and consistently supported by empirical findings; it is contrasted with the need complementarity hypothesis.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attitude scale
An attitude scale is any instrument designed to measure attitudes, often (but not necessarily) through questionnaires, and may take forms such as Likert scales, semantic differentials, Thurstone scales, Guttman scales, unfolding techniques, or unobtrusive measures.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attitude change
Attitude change is the process by which an attitude becomes more or less favourable, typically through persuasion, and is studied through many frameworks including assimilation–contrast theory, balance theory, cognitive consistency approaches, inoculation theory, group polarization, and sleeper effects.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attitude

Attitude can mean (1) an enduring evaluative orientation toward a person, object, or issue, often described as involving affective, cognitive, and conative/behavioural components—though real-life consistency across feeling, thinking, and behaviour is often imperfect, and attitudes may exist without behavioural expression; (2) a bodily posture suggestive of a mental state (e.g., a dejected posture); or (3) informally, a truculent or cheeky manner (especially noted in teen behaviour). It is central to theories of persuasion and change (e.g., elaboration likelihood model, theory of planned behaviour, implicit attitudes, self-perception theory), and attitudinal describes what relates to attitudes.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attenuation theory
Attenuation theory (in attention) refers to models proposing that unattended information is still processed, but less deeply than attended information, with an “attenuating filter” reducing rather than fully blocking processing. The approach was proposed in 1960 by Anne Treisman (born 1935) and relates to the cocktail party phenomenon, filter theory, and selective attention, and is contrasted with bottleneck accounts.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attenuation
Attenuation means a weakening or reduction in force or value. In statistics, it specifically refers to a correlation being smaller than its true theoretical magnitude because of measurement error in one or both variables. A common correction assumes errors are uncorrelated with true scores and with each other, and estimates the true correlation as the observed correlation divided by the geometric mean of the measures’ reliabilities; the term comes from Latin meaning “to make thin.”


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attention span
Attention span can mean (1) how long a person can keep attending to something, or (2) the same concept as the span of apprehension; it connects with ideas such as chunking and the “magical number seven.”


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attensity
Attensity is a term introduced by E. B. Titchener (1867–1927) to describe the special clarity of a sensation when it is the focus of attention compared with sensations outside focal attention.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attachment theory
Attachment theory, proposed in 1951 by John Bowlby (1907–90), argues that infants have an inborn biological need for close contact with the mother or primary caregiver, with a normal bond typically forming within the first six months through caregiver responsiveness. Bowlby emphasized that maternal deprivation during this critical period can harm psychological development, and the theory is linked with ideas such as anaclitic depression, hospitalism, separation anxiety, and love, and is compared with imprinting.


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