psychology 

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KembaraXtra-Psychology - ATPase
ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase, pronounced “ay-tee-pee-aze”) is an enzyme that converts ATP into ADP when energy is used in neural or muscular activity. It uses the released energy to pump proteins across cell membranes and helps maintain intracellular pH. It can also synthesize ATP via a membrane-based rotary motor mechanism, where a rotating shaft drives a protruding head that produces ATP as it spins.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - ATP
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a nucleotide produced in mitochondria during the Krebs cycle in plant and animal cells, functioning mainly as an energy store that releases energy when ATP is converted by ATPase into ADP during nerve impulses and muscle contractions; it can also be converted by adenylate cyclase into cyclic AMP, which serves as a second messenger.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - atonia
Atonia (also called atony) is the absence of normal muscle tonus, and it is linked to phenomena such as cataplexy, REM atonia, sleep paralysis, and is contrasted with dystonia; the term derives from Greek roots meaning “without tone.”


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - Asperger’s disorder
Asperger’s disorder refers to a relatively mild presentation within autism spectrum disorder, historically described as a pervasive developmental disorder marked by severe and persistent social interaction difficulties alongside restricted, repetitive, or stereotyped behaviours, interests, or activities that create clinically significant impairment in daily life. Unlike more severe autism presentations, it is described as lacking the characteristic language and cognitive deficits, though it is otherwise similar, and it is reported more often in males. It is compared with schizoid personality disorder and is named after Hans Asperger (1906–80), who described it in 1944.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - associative memory
Associative memory is memory for connections between items—how one element is linked to another—commonly investigated using paired-associate learning methods.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - associative learning
Associative learning is learning about contingencies between events, as in conditioning: in classical conditioning it involves learning links between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, and in operant conditioning it involves learning links between responses and reinforcers. It connects with topics such as autoshaping, evaluative conditioning, and shaping.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - associative laws
Associative laws are the governing principles behind associative learning, describing how contingencies between events become learned.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - associative interference
Associative interference is a broad label covering proactive interference and retroactive interference, and it is also called associative inhibition.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - associative illusion
An associative illusion is any visual illusion where one part of an image is misperceived due to the influence of another part; it is also called a geometric illusion and includes many named illusions (e.g., Müller-Lyer, Ponzo, Ebbinghaus) and relates to broader concepts like context effects, field effects, and visual induction.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - association value
Association value is the degree to which otherwise meaningless material (such as nonsense syllables) tends to evoke meaningful words or ideas. Empirical work suggests some syllables have high association value (for example BAL, FUT, MOD) while others are low (such as CIJ, VAF, XEJ).


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