TECHNOLOGY 

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KembaraXtra-Computer Science-Bus Communication
Introduction
  • Explains how the CPU communicates with memory and I/O devices.
  • Focuses on the hardware communication system called a "bus."
What is a Bus?
  • A hardware communication system used by computer components.
  • Early buses were sets of parallel wires, each carrying an electrical signal (a bit).
  • Modern buses can be more complex, but the core principle of data transfer remains.
Three Common Bus Types
  1. Address Bus:
    • Selects the specific memory address the CPU wants to access.
    • The CPU writes the desired memory address onto the address bus.
    • Example: To access address 0x2FE, the CPU writes 0x2FE to the address bus.
  2. Data Bus:
    • Transfers the actual data being read from or written to memory.
    • For writing: The CPU writes the data to the data bus.
    • For reading: The CPU reads the data from the data bus.
    • Example: To write the value 25 to memory, the CPU writes 25 to the data bus.
  3. Control Bus:
    • Manages and coordinates operations across the address and data buses.
    • Carries signals indicating the type of operation (read or write).
    • Indicates the status of an operation.
    • Example: The CPU uses the control bus to signal a "write" operation.
Example: CPU Reading from Memory
  • Scenario: The CPU wants to read the value at memory address 000003F4.
  • Steps:
    1. The CPU writes 000003F4 to the address bus.
    2. The CPU sets a specific signal on the control bus to indicate a "read" operation.
    3. The memory controller (circuit managing memory interactions) receives these signals.
    4. The memory controller retrieves the data stored at address 000003F4 (which is 84 in the example).
    5. The memory controller writes the value 84 to the data bus.
    6. The CPU then reads the value 84 from the data bus.



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