TECHNOLOGY 

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KembaraXtra-Computer Science - Deep Web and Dark Web
I. Overview
  • The internet can be divided into three layers:
    • Surface Web
    • Deep Web
    • Dark Web
  • The terms "Deep Web" and "Dark Web" are often confused but have distinct meanings.
II. Surface Web
  • Definition: Content freely available and accessible to anyone.
  • Examples: Public blogs, news sites, public social media posts (e.g., public Twitter posts).
  • Indexing: Indexed by search engines (Google, Bing, etc.).
  • Accessibility: Can be found using standard search engines.
III. Deep Web
  • Definition: Web content that cannot be accessed without logging in or specific credentials.
  • Accessibility: Requires a password or login to access.
  • Examples:
    • Checking your bank balance online.
    • Reading your email through a web service (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.).
    • Logging into social media accounts (Facebook, Instagram, etc.).
    • Viewing personal shopping history on e-commerce sites (Amazon, etc.).
  • Indexing: Not indexed by search engines; therefore, not publicly available.
  • Reason for Non-Indexing: To protect sensitive, private user data.
IV. Dark Web
  • Definition: Web content that requires specialized software to access.
  • Accessibility: Cannot be accessed with a standard web browser.
  • Key Technology: Tor (The Onion Router) is the most prevalent technology.
  • Tor Functionality:
    • Enables anonymous access to the web.
    • Uses a system of encryption and relays.
    • Hides the user's IP address, preventing ISPs from monitoring browsing activity.
    • Prevents visited sites from knowing the visitor's IP address.
  • Onion Services: Websites accessible only through Tor, and are part of the Dark Web. They also hide their IP addresses.
  • Anonymity: Both users and websites can remain anonymous.
  • Use Cases:
    • Criminal Activity: Anonymity can be exploited for illegal purposes.
    • Legitimate Purposes:
      • Whistleblowing
      • Political discussion
  • Caution: Exercise caution when accessing content on the dark web.
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