TECHNOLOGY 

Published on
KembaraXtra-Computer science -IP Addresses vs. MAC Addresses
This guide clarifies the differences between IP and MAC addresses, focusing on understanding their roles and characteristics.
Key Concepts:
  • Two Addressing Systems: Every computer on a network possesses two crucial addresses:
    • IP Address (Internet Protocol Address): Used for routing network packets across larger networks. This is the address most frequently referenced. It's dynamically assigned and changes when a device moves to a different network.
    • MAC Address (Media Access Control Address): Used for communication between directly connected devices on a local network (e.g., devices on the same Wi-Fi). This address is static, assigned at the factory, and remains unchanged throughout the device's lifetime.
MAC Addresses: Detailed Breakdown
  • Permanent & Unique: MAC addresses are permanently assigned to a network interface card (NIC) by the manufacturer during production. No two devices should ever have the same MAC address.
  • Hexadecimal Notation: MAC addresses are expressed using hexadecimal (base-16) numbers. This means they use digits 0-9 and letters A-F. Each address is 12 hexadecimal digits long.
  • Structure: A MAC address is divided into two parts:
    • OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier): The first six hexadecimal digits identify the manufacturer of the network interface card.
    • Device Identifier: The remaining six hexadecimal digits uniquely identify the specific device within that manufacturer's production. For example: 14:9d:99:7f:3a:67 where 14:9d:99 is the OUI and 7f:3a:67 is the device identifier.

Comparison Table: IP vs. MAC Addresses

Feature

IP Address

MAC Address

Purpose

Network-wide addressing, routing packets

Local network communication, device identification

Assignment

Dynamic (usually assigned by network)

Static (assigned at the factory)

Changes

Frequently changes when network changes

Remains constant throughout device's lifetime

Notation

Decimal dotted notation (e.g., 192.168.1.1)

Hexadecimal (e.g., 14:9d:99:7f:3a:67)

Picture
0 Comments