TECHNOLOGY 

Published on
KembaraXtra-Computer Science- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
I. Paradigms in Programming
  • Programming languages support different approaches to programming called paradigms.
  • Examples:
    • Procedural Programming
    • Functional Programming
    • Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
  • Languages can support multiple paradigms.
II. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
  • Definition: A programming paradigm where code and data are grouped together into objects.
  • Objects: Logical groupings of data and functionality, designed to model real-world concepts.
III. Classes and Objects
  • Class-Based Approach: Common in OOP languages.
    • Class: A blueprint for an object. Defines the structure and behavior of a type of object.
    • Object: An instance of a class. A concrete realization of the class blueprint.
  • Methods: Functions defined within a class. They define the actions that an object can perform.
  • Fields: Variables declared within a class. They store the data associated with an object.
    • Instance Variables (Python): Fields that have different values for each object (instance) of the class. Each object has its own unique value for these fields.
    • Class Variables (Python): Fields that have the same value across all objects (instances) of the class. These variables are shared by all objects of the class.
IV. Example: Bank Account
  • Class: BankAccount (a blueprint)
    • Fields:
      • balance (instance variable - each account has a unique balance)
      • holder's name (instance variable - each account has a unique name)
    • Methods:
      • withdraw()
      • deposit()
  • Objects: Specific bank accounts created from the BankAccount class (instances). These are real accounts with specific names and balances.
  • Interaction: We can use the withdraw or deposit methods to modify the balance field of specific bank account objects.
V. Python Example
myAccount.deposit(25) # Increases myAccount's balance by 25
Key Concept: myAccount is an object (instance of BankAccount). deposit() is a method called on that specific object, modifying its balance field.


Picture
0 Comments