Dermatology - Acanthosis Nigricans

Dermatology - Acanthosis Nigricans 
Acanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous sign associated with medication administration, cancer, and endocrine problems (especially diabetes); it has a slow beginning, which accelerates with malignancy. Type 1: An endocrine illness is not related with a hereditary benign. Type 2: Benign has hyperandrogenic conditions, acromegaly/gigantism, Cushing disease, hypogonadal syndromes, Addison disease, hypothyroidism, and insulin-resistant type II diabetes mellitus. Type 3: Pseudo is more common in patients with darker pigmentation and metabolic syndrome, and it is linked to obesity. The result of obesity is insulin resistance. Type 4: Drug-induced conditions can be brought on by excessive dosages of nicotinic acid, growth hormone therapy, glucocorticoid therapy, diethylstilbestrol/oral contraceptives, andstilbestrol in young males. Type 5: Malignant is brought on by a neoplastic illness, most frequently gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract adenocarcinoma; lymphoma or bronchial carcinoma are less frequent causes.
Pigmentation darkening; skin gets thicker, looks unclean, and has more defined wrinkles. The surface gets mangled and rugose. In Type 3, skin tags in body folds and the neck are frequently present, along with a velvety patch on the inner, upper thigh where chafing occurs. Type 5 affects the oral mucosa, the vermilion border of the lips, and exhibits hyperkeratosis and hyperpigmentation. There is hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, accentuation of the papillary markings (also known as "tripe hands"), involvement of the oral mucosa, and a red border around the lips. Lesions most frequently occur on the knuckles, submammary area, umbilicus, axillae, neck, groin, anogenitalia, and antecubital fossae. The mammillar regions, palms, perioral, and periocular areas are similarly impacted by type 5. The mucocutaneous connections are often affected by type 5, and the oral mucosa has a velvety texture with fine furrows.
The differential includes nicotinic acid intake, X-linked ichthyosis, reticulated papillomatosis (Gougerot-Carteaud syndrome), pityriasis versicolor, and retention hyperkeratosis. The diagnosis is clinical.
Address the related disease. Although they are not particularly effective, topical keratolytic agents and/or topical or systemic retinoids may help skin lesions.