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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bacterial Pneumonia • Viral pneumonias • Tuberculosis • Sarcoidosis • Pulmonary embolism or infarction • Pulmonary edema • Parasitic pneumonias • Lung neoplasm • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis • Fungal pneumonias • Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis • Drug-induced lung injury • Bronchiolitis • Atypical pneumonia 
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions, Malignant Disease Associated3/31/2024 Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions, Malignant Disease Associated • Lung cancer (30% to 40%) • Breast cancer (20% to 25%) • Lymphoma (10% to 15%) • Leukemia (5% to 10%) • GI tract (5%) • GU tract (5%) • Reproductive (3%) Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions EXUDATIVE • Neoplasm: bronchogenic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, mesothelioma, lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, Meigs’ syndrome • Infections: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, Mycoplasma, TB, fungal and parasitic diseases, extension from subphrenic abscess • Trauma • Collagen-vascular diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, polyarteritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis • Pulmonary infarction • Pancreatitis • Postcardiotomy/Dressler’s syndrome • Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (hydralazine, procainamide) • Post abdominal surgery • Ruptured esophagus • Chronic effusion secondary to congestive failure TRANSUDATIVE • Congestive heart failure (CHF) • Hepatic cirrhosis • Nephrotic syndrome • Hypoproteinemia from any cause • Meigs’ syndrome Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis • Tumor, infection • Tarsal tunnel syndrome • Stress fracture • Other regional tendinitis Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Placenta Previa • Vasa previa • Vaginal or cervical trauma • Placenta percreta • Placenta increta • Placenta accreta • Local malignant neoplasm • Labor • Abruptio placentae Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pityriasis Rosea • Viral exanthem • Tinea versicolor (the lesions are more brown and the borders are not as ovoid) • Tinea corporis (can be ruled out by potassium hydroxide examination) • Secondary syphilis (absence of herald patch, positive serologic test result for syphilis) • Psoriasis • Nummular eczema • Lichen planus • Eczema • Drug eruption Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pityriasis Alba • Vitiligo • Tinea • Psoriasis • Eczema • Chemical leukoderma Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pituitary Adenoma PROLACTINOMA • Pregnancy • Postpartum puerperium • Primary hypothyroidism • Breast disease • Breast stimulation • Drug ingestion (especially phenothiazines, antidepressants, haloperidol, methyldopa, reserpine, opiates, amphetamines, and cimetidine) • Chronic renal failure • Liver disease • Polycystic ovary disease • Chest wall disorders • Spinal cord lesions • Previous cranial irradiation ACROMEGALY • Ectopic production of GH-releasing hormone from a carcinoid or other neuroendocrine tumor CUSHING’S DISEASE • Diseases that cause ectopic sources of ACTH overproduction (including small cell carcinoma of the lung, bronchial carcinoid, intestinal carcinoid, pancreatic islet cell tumor, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma) • Adrenal adenomas, adrenal carcinoma • Nelson’s syndrome THYROTROPIN-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMAS • Primary hypothyroidism NONSECRETORY PITUITARY ADENOMA • Non-neoplastic mass lesions of various etiologies (e.g., infectious, granulomatous) Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pinworms • Perineal yeast/fungal infections • Perianal itching related to poor hygiene • Hemorrhoidal disease and anal fissures Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pilonidal Disease • Perianal abscess arising from the posterior midline crypt • Osteomyelitis • Hidradenitis suppurativa • Furuncle • Coccygeal sinus • Carbuncle • Anal fistula |
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