​Dermatology - Acne

​Dermatology - Acne 
Acne is a prevalent condition that affects around 85% of young individuals. It usually starts during puberty, although it can also manifest for the first time at the age of 25 or older. Acne has greater severity in males compared to females and is less common among individuals of Asian and African ancestry. The presence of multiple genetic factors and a familial propensity contribute to this condition. The majority of persons with cystic acne have parents who have a history of severe acne.


Lesions, particularly of the nodulocystic variety, can cause pain and persist for several weeks to months. They tend to worsen throughout the autumn and winter seasons. Lesions manifest on the face, neck, trunk, upper arms, and buttocks.
Abnormalities
Comedones refer to two types of acne: open comedones, commonly known as blackheads, and closed comedones, also known as whiteheads. They are both forms of comedonal acne. Papules and papulopustules refer to skin lesions characterized by the presence of a raised bump (papule) that is topped with a small blister filled with pus (pustule). This condition is commonly known as papulopustular acne. Nodules or cysts are often 1-4 cm in diameter. Nodulocystic acne occurs when soft nodules form due to frequent follicular ruptures and subsequent reencapsulations accompanied by inflammation, abscess formation (cysts), and foreign-body reaction.

Comedones are necessary for diagnosing any kind of acne and are not present in acne-like conditions or the following conditions: Facial conditions include S. aureus folliculitis, pseudofolliculitis barbae, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis. Trunk: Inflammation of hair follicles caused by Malassezia, pseudomonas infection from hot tubs, or Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Mild acne

Apply topical antibiotics such as clindamycin and erythromycin, as well as benzoyl peroxide gels with concentrations of 2%, 5%, or 10%. Topical retinoids can be utilized by following specific guidelines that involve gradually increasing the concentration of cream/gel or liquid from 0.01% to 0.025% to 0.05%. They can also be combined with benzoyl peroxide-erythromycin gels. Extraction is only beneficial when performed correctly following pretreatment with topical retinoids.

Mild to moderate acne

Incorporate oral antibiotics into the aforementioned treatment plan. Minocycline, administered at a dosage of 50-100 mg twice day, or doxycycline, also at a dosage of 50-100 mg twice daily, can be highly beneficial. The dosage of doxycycline can be gradually reduced to 50 mg per day as the severity of acne decreases.
Oral administration of isotretinoin is efficacious in preventing scarring.

Severe acne

Administer isotretinoin as a systemic treatment for cystic or conglobate acne, as well as for any other forms of acne that do not respond to other treatments.