Dermatology - Hemangioma of Infancy

Dermatology - Hemangioma of Infancy 
The most common tumor of infancy, known as strawberry hemangioma or infantile hemangioma, affects 1-2.5% of infants and up to 10% of white children by the time they are a year old. More girls than boys are impacted (3:1).Infantile hemangiomas often grow quickly in the first year of life and then gradually recede during the following one to five years due to an involution process. It is often finished by the time an individual reaches the age of ten. Involution varies widely and is unrelated to size, location, or appearance.

Infantile hemangiomas are 1–8 cm in diameter, soft, compressible nodules or plaques that range in color from brilliant red to deep purple. A white to gray central region emerges as involution progresses, and ulceration could happen. Lesions are typically isolated, localized, or encompass a whole area; they most frequently occur on the head and neck (50%) or the trunk (25%), while they can also occur on the extremities and oral mucosa.
Clinical and MRI results showing sluggish blood flow across the lesion serve as the basis for the diagnosis.
Vascular malformation is ruled out by GLUT-1 immunoreactivity.
Since the majority of hemangiomas spontaneously involute with minimal lingering skin alteration at the location, the best course of action for most lesions is active nonintervention, which also yields the greatest cosmetic outcome. About 25% of lesions that ulcerate or block important tissues like the throat, ears, or eyes require treatment. Systemic treatment is challenging and necessitates knowledge and skill.
Medical and surgical interventions encompass intralesional and systemic high-dose glucocorticoids, cryosurgery, interferon α (IFN-α), propanolol, and continuous wave or pulsed dye laser.