Dermatology - Impetigo

Dermatology - Impetigo 
The primary causative agents of impetigo are typically Staphylococcus aureus or beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A. Bullous impetigo occurs due to the localized synthesis of epidermolytic toxin by S. aureus bacteria. These microorganisms are not commonly found on human skin, but instead temporarily inhabit the skin and produce surface-level diseases. Primary infections generally manifest in youngsters, although both primary and secondary infections can occur across all age groups.

Superficial infections frequently lack noticeable symptoms.
Impetigo manifests as erosions characterized by golden-yellow crusts measuring 1 to over 3 cm in diameter. These lesions exhibit central healing after several weeks of presence. The lesions are dispersed, distinct, and can merge together; satellite lesions may appear due to self-inoculation. Secondary infection frequently occurs. Bullous Impetigo manifests as blisters filled with translucent yellow or slightly cloudy fluid, surrounded by a red ring, on skin that appears normal. Rupture leads to the decompression of bullous lesions. Removing the roof of a bulla leads to the development of a shallow and damp erosion.
Ecthyma is a condition characterized by the formation of ulcers covered by a thick, firmly attached crust. These ulcers are often painful and hardened.

The diagnosis is made based on clinical observations and validated with laboratory culture tests. The differential diagnosis comprises excoriation, allergic contact dermatitis, herpes simplex, epidermal dermatophytosis, scabies, burns, porphyria cutanea tarda, venous stasis, and ischemic ulcers.Manage skin sores using mupirocin and retapamulin ointment, and avoid future occurrences by using benzoyl peroxide wash and/or applying mupirocin and retapamulin ointment to the nostrils.
Examine family members for symptoms of impetigo and urge all individuals in close proximity to cleanse their hands with ethanol or isopropyl gel.