Infectious Diseases and Miceobiology - Relapsing Fever( Borrelia recurrentis and Borrelia hermsii)

Infectious Diseases and Miceobiology - Relapsing Fever( Borrelia recurrentis and Borrelia hermsii) 
Borrelia recurrentis and Borrelia hermsii are both Gram-negative spirochetes.
Borrelia recurrentis is transferred through the human body louse, while Borrelia hermsii is transmitted through ticks.

The symptoms of this condition consist of a sudden onset of fever, chills, muscle pain, and headache, which may be accompanied by an enlargement of the spleen and liver. The duration of fever bouts is around one week, followed by a resolution period of 3-7 days, after which they reoccur. Relapses typically manifest between 1 and 4 instances.

The symptoms of the disease are caused by the presence of endotoxins in the bloodstream. Symptoms are alleviated by the production of antibodies against outer membrane proteins. The recurring nature of the disease is attributed to the antigenic variation of the outer membrane proteins of spirochetes that are sequestered in the liver and spleen.

Darkfield microscopy can be used to examine thin or dehemoglobinized thick smears of peripheral blood that have been stained with Wright, Giemsa, or acridine orange.

The efficacy of antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, penicillin, and erythromycin, is well acknowledged.