​Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Echinococcosis / Hydatid Cyst Disease ( Echinococcus granulosus)

​Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Echinococcosis / Hydatid Cyst Disease ( Echinococcus granulosus) 
Hydatid cyst disease, also known as echinococcosis
A cestode, or segmented flatworm, is Echinococcus granulosus.
A scolex and three proglottids make it extremely diminutive.
Dogs are the last hosts, while sheep play a more intermediary role. The viscera of sick sheep can infect dogs. When people swallow eggs that have been contaminated with dog excrement, they can contract an infection.
Cysts can form in a variety of organs, and humans are unwitting intermediary hosts. People cannot grow adult worms.

Hidatid cyst disease is caused by E granulosus. Based on where it grows, this can not cause any symptoms at all or show a wide range of symptoms in the brain, liver, or lungs.

Eggs hatch into embryos, which then invade cells in the intestines and make their way into the circulation. During their development, larvae build a cyst (a hydatid cyst) that is filled with fluid and contains protoscoleces in brood capsules. When discovered in different organs, the hydatid cysts—which can be as big as 20 cm in diameter—cause the observed pathology. When the cyst bursts, it releases infectious protoscoleces into the bloodstream, which can trigger anaphylaxis.

A diagnosis of hydatid cysts can be made using serologic testing or imaging techniques like X-ray or CT.

A course of albendazole and meticulous surgical excision of the hydatid cyst constitute the treatment.Hygienic methods to avoid dog excrement contamination of food and water, deworming of dogs, and not feeding dogs sheep viscera are all ways to prevent this disease.

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