​Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Hemorrhagic Colitis ( Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli)

​Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Hemorrhagic Colitis ( Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli) 
hemorrhagic colitis (HCOS)
Escherichia coli with a Gram-negative rod and the serotype O157:H7 is known as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC).
Eating infected food or drinking contaminated water is the primary mode of transmission. There have been outbreaks occurring from a wide variety of sources, such as hamburgers that were not cooked properly, apple juice that had not been pasteurized, and water that was polluted in swimming pools and water parks. When it comes to EHEC infections, a very low infectious dosage is required, which can range anywhere from fifty to one hundred organisms.
The clinical manifestation of EHEC is characterized by hemorrhagic colitis, which can develop into hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).

Causes of disease A toxin that is similar to Shiga and is carried by a bacteriophage that has been lysogenized is the primary virulence factor of EHEC. 28S RNA is the target of the Shiga toxin, which then cleaves it, which ultimately leads to the suppression of protein synthesis and the death of cells. EHEC is able to attach itself to the epithelial cells of the colon and discharge a toxin, which is then absorbed by the host cell. As a consequence of the destruction of glomerular endothelial cells, acute kidney failure and HUS are brought about.

It is possible to distinguish EHEC from other types of E. coli by observing that it is unable to ferment sorbitol. Toxin genes are able to be identified.
hybridization and/or polymerase chain reaction have been used to make the diagnosis. O and H antigens are the foundation for the identification of serotypes.

The treatment of infections often consists of supportive measures, and antibiotics are not typically administered. It has not been demonstrated that antibiotics can change the course of the condition, and there is a possibility that they can potentially increase the likelihood of developing HUS.