Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Traveler's Diarrhea ( Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli)

Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Traveler's Diarrhea ( Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli) 
Traveler's Diarrhea 
E. coli, a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria, ferments lactose.
Consumption of tainted food or water is the primary route of transmission. 
Traveler's diarrhea is often caused by ETEC.

The primary symptom is diarrhea that is watery.

Heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins are released by ETEC. Intestinal epithelial cells bind the bacteria, but they do not infiltrate. Cholera toxin and heat-labile toxin are both A-B toxins. It raises cAMP and constitutively activates host adenylate cyclase by ADP-ribosylating a regulatory G protein. An increase in cyclic GMP is the outcome of the heat-stable toxin's targeting of host guanylate cyclase.

Numerous E. coli strains are capable of fermenting sorbitol and lactose and can be cultivated using a wide range of selective and differential media. Hybridization and polymerase chain reaction are two methods for detecting toxin genes. Serotype testing using O, H, and K antigens is the gold standard for strain identification.

Treatment with fluid replacement usually resolves watery diarrhea on its own. The easiest way to avoid getting diarrhea is to stay away from foods that aren't cooked correctly and water that has been contaminated.