​Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Congenital Rubella Syndrome ( Rubella Virus)

​Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Congenital Rubella Syndrome ( Rubella Virus) 
Congenital rubella syndrome is caused by the rubella virus. Respiratory droplets from infected people are the vector for postnatal rubella virus transmission. The transplacental transmission of an illness from an infected mother to her unborn child is the cause of congenital infections. Among the most powerful infectious teratogenic agents is the rubella virus. While congenital rubella syndrome is more common in the first trimester, it can happen at any point in the pregnancy.
In the US, rubella outbreaks are quite uncommon and usually affect populations that have not been vaccinated against the virus or live in countries where the vaccine is not widely used. In underdeveloped nations, rubella is still a common problem.

A minor sickness caused by the rubella virus can affect both children and adults. The incubation period for this virus is 14-21 days, after which a broad maculopapular rash, low-grade fever, and lymphadenopathy will appear. Adults are more likely to experience the common consequences of postnatal rubella, which include arthritis and arthralgia. The congenital rubella syndrome is a group of symptoms that manifest in a child who is born to a mother who contracts the rubella virus during the first trimester of pregnancy. These symptoms include cataracts, heart defects, deafness, and mental retardation.

When a mother contracts rubella after giving birth, the virus travels through her respiratory tract, lymph nodes, spleen, kidneys, joints, and finally, the rest of her body through viremia. Multiple organ involvement and teratogenic consequences occur when the virus enters the placenta and travels to the fetus in congenital rubella. A cell-mediated immune response is necessary to eliminate an infection, while an antibody response can slow the virus's progress.
Research facility The gold standard for diagnosing rubella virus infection is the identification of IgM and IgG antibodies specific to the virus.

When infected with the rubella virus, there is currently no cure. The most effective way to prevent rubella is with a live, attenuated rubella virus vaccine. The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is the most common form of vaccination.

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