Pathology - Absence Seizures
Pathophysiology Petit mal seizures were the previous name for absence seizures. The majority of absence seizures occur in childhood and are characterized by brief (few seconds) episodes of altered consciousness that frequently manifest as gazing episodes. Lip-smacking and other automatisms (brief, unconscious activities) may be present in patients. In most cases, they have no postictal confusion and no memory of the incident or the passing of time. The EEG wave pattern and spike at 3 Hz are indicative of this diagnosis. Hyperventilation, which lowers carbon dioxide levels, can also cause seizures. Etosuximide is the preferred medication for the condition. Treatment usually has a positive effect on the patients, and by adulthood, the seizures frequently stop altogether.
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