​Pathology - Acute and Chronic Gastritis

​Pathology - Acute and Chronic Gastritis
Acute causes of physiological stress include the use of drugs such as NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, smoking, severe physiological stressors including burns or shock, and systemic infections. Uremia is a medical condition characterized by the presence of excessive urea and other waste products in the blood.
Chronic Type A is characterized by an immunological response, whereas Chronic Type B is caused by an infection with Helicobacter pylori.

Acute: Macroscopic examination reveals the presence of subepithelial hemorrhages, petechia, and punctate erosion. 
Microscopic examination reveals the presence of neutrophils infiltrating the affected area, along with a discharge that is both purulent and hemorrhagic.
Chronic gastritis is characterized by the presence of thickened and reddish rugal folds in the fundus (type A) or antrum (type B), particularly in cases of long-standing disease. The mucosa may undergo atrophy. 
The lamina propria is infiltrated by a small number of lymphocytes, which can only be seen under a microscope. There are clusters of lymphoid cells present, and the bacteria H pylori can be seen amid the microvilli. This type of H pylori infection is classified as type B.
Hypertrophy of G cells (Type A): characterized by the presence of intestinal metaplasia or dysplastic cells.

Acute: characterized by a sudden onset and a short duration. Anorexia is characterized by symptoms such as epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, and hematemesis. Vomiting of coffee grounds
Persistent: Symptoms of Type A include weariness, dyspepsia, diarrhea, pallor, and moderate splenomegaly. Laboratory results indicate the presence of autoantibodies targeting parietal cells, which is associated with pernicious anemia characterized by macrocytic anemia and a deficit in vitamin B12.
Positive Schiling test result. Category B: Asymptomatic: linked to peptic ulcer. Laboratory results indicate the presence of H Pylori based on positive serology or stool antigen tests.
Both kinds are associated with an elevated susceptibility to stomach cancer.


Treatment for acute cases involves the use of H2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors. It is also important to avoid alcohol, smoke, and NSAIDs.
Chronic: Administering vitamin B intravenously (type A); using a combination of bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline, or amoxicillin to cure H Pylori infection (урe B)