Pathology - Asbestosis
Pathophysiology Asbestos fiber inhalation and retention cause this long-term inflammatory lung parenchyma disorder. The majority of individuals experience a long latency period (several decades) between exposure and the start of symptoms. Scarring of the alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles is the outcome of an inflammatory reaction to asbestos fibers. The thickening and fibrosing of alveolar walls impacts oxygen diffusion in terminal respiratory bronchioles and limits ventilation. Restrictive lung disease is compatible with spirometry results showing a reduction in both total lung capacity and vital capacity. In most cases, these patients retain large airway measurements such the FEV1:FVC ratio. About half of those afflicted develop plaque lesions in the pleural space, and the condition is a major risk factor for mesothelioma, a neoplastic cancer. HP, silicosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are further occupational lung diseases/pneumoconiosis that impact interstitial lung tissue.
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