Pathology - Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Resulting from the blockage of the hepatic veins by a blood clot Linked to polycythemia vera, pregnancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, traumatic abdominal trauma, malignancy, oral contraceptive use, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria More frequently observed in women The liver shows centrilobular congestion and necrosis, along with sinusoidal dilatation leading to centrilobular fibrosis. Thrombi are present in main veins. Symptoms include tender and painful liver enlargement, jaundice, yellowing of the eyes, enlarged spleen, vomiting, accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, visible veins in the abdomen and back while standing, swelling in the legs, and no jugular venous distention. These symptoms may indicate potential liver failure. Imaging: Identification of hepatic venous or IVC thrombosis using Doppler ultrasonography or CT imaging. Laboratory results indicate elevated liver function tests. Anticoagulation for hypercoagulable state, thrombolytic treatment for acute hepatic vein presentation, surgical bypass for severe patients, diuretics and salt restriction for ascites.
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