​Pathology - Essential Hypertension

​Pathology - Essential Hypertension
Pathophysiology 
 Hypertension is defined as a systolic pressure of more than 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of more than 90 mm Hg, and it needs to be verified by readings taken at least three times. It is uncertain what causes primary hypertension. The degree of hypertension is directly correlated with the risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, and renal failure. Usually, there are no symptoms at all. The case study exemplifies an evaluation to look for signs of end-organ damage, which are not present in this instance due to the lack of LV hypertrophy, nephropathy, or retinal injury. Normal electrolytes and the absence of a renal artery bruit (stenosis) rule out secondary causes of hypertension. Obesity and hyperlipidemia are risk factors, however the patient does not smoke or consume alcohol.
The first line of treatment is changing one's lifestyle to become more active and lose weight. If monotherapy is not shown to be helpful, the first line of treatment is a low-dose thiazide diuretic that may be coupled with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers.