​Pathology - Hemophilias A and B

​Pathology - Hemophilias A and B 
Hemophilias A and B are genetic disorders characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors VIII and IX, respectively.
Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive condition characterized by a lack of factor VIII.
Hemophilia B is a genetic condition that is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, leading to a shortage of factor IX in the blood.

Study of the nature and causes of diseases. 
Insufficiency of clotting factor VIII or IX leads to an inefficient intrinsic pathway of blood clotting.

Symptoms and signs 
Hemorrhaging into muscular tissues and joints (hemarthrosis); effortless formation of bruises; gastrointestinal bleeding.
Laboratory results: Extended partial thromboplastin time (PTT), within normal range prothrombin time (PT), normal bleeding time, normal thrombin time

Therapy 
Administer a clotting factor to compensate for the deficiency.

The primary causes of vitamin K shortage include liver illness, malabsorption, or the administration of warfarin. The condition leads to a lack of factors II, VII, IX, and X, and laboratory tests show an extended prothrombin time (PT).