Pathology - Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Pathophysiology This illness may present as acute, subacute, or chronic. An heightened alveolar immune response to an external environmental allergen—most frequently, organic dusts or molds—causes HP. The immunological response eventually results in the infiltration of mononuclear cells and the progressive formation of noncaseating granulomas. Some people with chronic illnesses who have decreased diffusion ability on pulmonary function tests may develop interstitial lung fibrosis. All patients desaturate during exercise, and the majority of patients suffer hypoxemia at rest. Although the symptoms may resemble occupational asthma, HP affects alveoli rather than bronchi. Animal excrement, other occupational compounds (such paints and resins), plant materials, or proteins can all be allergens. Finding the problematic allergen or allergens and avoiding them are essential to halting the deterioration of alveoli and lung tissue fibrosis.
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