Pathology - Idiopathic (Immune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Pathology - Idiopathic (Immune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), sometimes called immunological thrombocytopenic purpura, a type II hypersensitivity reaction. This acute onset of the illness most typically occurs in children following a viral upper respiratory tract infection. The pathogenesis relies around the development of IgG antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins, notably GpIIb/IIIa receptors. Coating of platelets by IgG leaves them vulnerable to opsonization and phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen. The lower platelet counts lead to localized cutaneous hemorrhages known as petechiae, described in the vignette, as well as ecchymoses. Other symptoms may include epistaxis, hematuria, or hematochezia. Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy could be expected in malignant causes of thrombocytopenia. ITP is normally selflimiting in children; nevertheless, severely low levels of platelets (<10,000/mm3) produces risk for serious hemorrhage, bleeding into vital organs, and cerebral hemorrhage. In adults, the problem is most often chronic and is connected with other autoimmune diseases or large array of medications.