​Pathology - Iron Deficiency Anemia

​Pathology - Iron Deficiency Anemia 

Cause or origin of a disease or condition. 
Chronic blood loss, typically resulting from gastrointestinal bleeding or menorrhagia; nutritional factors may also contribute. 

Insufficiency (infrequent); impaired absorption; gestation 

Pathology 
Peripheral blood smear reveals erythrocytes that are hypochromic and microcytic. 

Common symptoms experienced during physical activity include clinical fatigue, pallor (pale skin), and dyspnea (shortness of breath).
Laboratory results: The patient exhibits a reduction in hematocrit, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels, along with an elevation in total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and a fall in the Fe/TIBC ratio (less than 15%). 

Management includes the administration of iron supplements and the diagnosis of the source of hidden blood loss. 

Plummer-Vinson syndrome is a medical condition characterized by the presence of iron deficiency anemia, esophageal webs, and glossitis in patients. It is linked to a higher likelihood of acquiring esophageal cancer. 

Sideroblastic anemia occurs due to impaired heme production in the progenitor cells of red blood cells. The condition can arise from either inherent enzymatic abnormalities or acquired deficiencies, such as alcohol or lead exposure, or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Lab experiments indicate elevated amounts of iron and ferritin, but a TIBC within the normal range. There are ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Treatment is focused on addressing the root cause, in addition to supportive  with blood transfusions. 
Sideroblasts can be seen within the bone marrow. Treatment is focused on addressing the root cause as well as supportive  with blood transfusions.