​Pathology - Kaposi Sarcoma

​Pathology - Kaposi Sarcoma 
Kaposi sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the skin and other organs.

The cause of this condition is still unknown, although researchers are investigating the possibility of a viral origin and its connection to the immune system.
There are three different versions: (1) Classic Kaposi's sarcoma: observed in elderly males of Ashkenazi Jewish or Mediterranean ancestry; (2) Endemic (African) Kaposi's sarcoma: prevalent in young African males and children; (3) Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma: triggered by human herpes virus type 8; commonly linked to AIDS, particularly in gay males with low CD4 counts.

Study of the nature and causes of diseases. 
Gross Pathology: Initially, there are reddish macules that gradually develop into elevated plaques and nodules. This condition originates in the skin but can eventually extend to the lymph nodes and internal organs, such as the lungs and gastrointestinal tract.
Microscopic Pathology: The blood arteries are enlarged and include an infiltration of mononuclear cells. This condition will eventually lead to the appearance of spindle cells and hyaline globules. Mitotic figures and hemosiderin pigment.

Symptoms and signs 
The individual presents with painless, reddish-purple, elevated patches and solid non-itchy growths, along with swollen lymph nodes, coughing up blood, difficulty breathing, stomach pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Laboratory results: KSHV antibodies are detected in 70% to 90% of cases.
Attain lower levels of HIV virus in the body and increase the number of CD4 cells by the use of antiviral treatment. 

Therapy 
Manage restricted disease by employing intralesional vinblastine or topical therapies. Administer chemotherapy to address systemic illness.
AIDS is commonly connected with cancers such as Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas, and cervical cancer.