​Pathology - Leiomyoma

​Pathology - Leiomyoma
The cause is unidentified, however genetic abnormalities have been detected in the cancerous cells.
The most prevalent non-cancerous growth in the female reproductive system.
Most frequently observed in women over the age of 40, with a higher occurrence rate among African Americans.

The pathology  indicates the presence of many enlarged, irregular, and heterogeneous tumors located in the myometrium (intramural), beneath the endometrium (submucosal), or beneath the serosa (subserosal). The tumor is estrogen-sensitive, with its size increasing during pregnancy and reducing with menopause.

Microscopic findings include a whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles, with uncommon mitoses in muscle cells. Cellular atypia and large cells may also be observed.

May be asymptomatic or may result in excessive menstruation with frequent periods.
Additionally linked to pelvic pressure, frequent urination (due to bladder compression), and infertility.
Laboratory results indicate iron deficiency anemia caused by blood loss.

Treatment involves hormonal medication such as oral contraceptive tablets to induce regression of endometrial tissue. Myomectomy, hysterectomy, or uterine artery embolization may be performed for big tumors.

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, do not develop into leiomyosarcomas.
Leiomyosarcomas are irregular tumors that develop spontaneously and may extend from the cervix, characterized by fleshy tissue, necrotic regions, and hemorrhaging. Leiomyosarcomas are more common among African Americans, are cancerous, and can be treated with a mix of chemotherapy drugs.