Pathology - Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (hypersensitivity) Vasculitis refers to the inflammation of blood vessels. The precise source of this condition is not known, although it is believed to be triggered by the deposition of immune complexes in small blood vessels. This deposition can be induced by reactions to drugs, bacterial infections, tumors, or other antigens. It may also be a component of other diseases, such as Henoch-Schönlein purpura or connective tissue disorders. Pathophysiology refers to the study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease or injury. Resulting from a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Pathology Gross Pathology: Impacts the small blood arteries, such as arterioles, capillaries, and venules, particularly in the skin, lungs, heart, gastrointestinal system, muscles, and kidneys. The lesions are of the same age. Study of cellular and tissue abnormalities at a microscopic level: The vascular medium undergoes fibrinoid necrosis accompanied by infiltration of neutrophils, resulting in fragmented leukocytoclasia. absence of immune deposits Symptoms and signs The patient presents with easily detectable skin discoloration due to bleeding under the skin; coughing up blood; joint pain; blood in the urine and high levels of protein in the urine; gastrointestinal bleeding; muscle pain. Laboratory results: Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), reduced complement levels Management Discontinuation of the causative agent: corticosteroids Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a vascular condition that primarily affects children and is commonly associated with a viral upper respiratory tract infection or a streptococcal infection. It exhibits histological similarities to leukocytoclastic vasculitis and is also linked to IgA nephropathy with mesangial IA deposits. From a clinical perspective, this condition presents as easily detectable purple spots on the arms, legs, and buttocks, accompanied by severe abdominal discomfort, joint pain, and varying degrees of kidney involvement, ranging from modest protein leakage to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Mild cases of the condition are managed supportively, but severe cases with notable renal involvement are treated with steroids.
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