Pathology - Meckel Diverticulum
Originating from the remaining portion of the vitelline duct (yolk stalk). Affects 2% of the population. Pathology Gross: A blind pouch located on the antimesenteric boundary of the ileum within 2 feet of the ileocecal valve, leading to a tubular outpouching of the small intestine. Microscopic: A genuine diverticulum consisting of all three layers of the intestine wall (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria); may include acid-secreting gastric mucosa and/or pancreatic tissue. Occurring within the initial two years of life. Typically without symptoms, but can result in peptic ulcerations causing gastrointestinal bleeding or intussusception or volvulus. Management Surgery to remove tissue Meckel diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital anomaly in the gastrointestinal tract. Intussusception is the process of a section of the colon folding into a lower section of the gut. It typically manifests in children under the age of 2 with sporadic abdominal pain and feces like currant jelly. Treatment involves either an air-barium enema or surgical decompression, if necessary. Volvulus is the rotation of a section of the colon around its mesentery, causing intestinal blockage and reduced blood supply (ischemia). It can manifest in several parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the stomach, small intestine, and colon, typically causing sudden abdominal pain, constipation, gas, and distention of the sigmoid colon. Treatment involves decompression of the stomach via a nasogastric tube or surgery.
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