Pathology - Mesenteric ischemia
Can result from arterial or venous thrombosis due to hypercoagulable states or atherosclerosis. Arterial embolism can occur from atrial fibrillation, endocarditis, or poor perfusion conditions such as shock. Mesenteric ischemia can manifest as either acute or chronic and may affect the superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, or celiac artery. Study of diseases Acute cases can vary from minor damage involving only the mucosa (swollen, bleeding thickening of the mucosa with shedding of the outer layer) to total damage across the entire bowel wall (areas of bleeding, swelling, and tissue death with signs of gangrene caused by intestinal bacteria within 1-4 days). Chronic inflammation underneath the mucosa with fibrosis present in a patchy distribution, potentially leading to the formation of strictures. Intestinal villi atrophy Clinical Symptoms Acute: Abrupt start of widespread, continuous abdominal discomfort that is disproportionate to examination findings; accompanied by nausea and vomiting Symptoms of chronic abdominal pain after eating and weight loss may indicate involvement of the inferior mesenteric artery, leading to conditions such ischemic colitis which can cause bloody diarrhea. Complications of acute mesenteric ischemia may involve widespread intestinal necrosis, shock, and even death. Therapy Manage risk factors such as lipid control and smoking cessation. Consider antibiotics, anticoagulation for embolic causes, surgical excision of necrotic bowel, and revascularization of blocked blood vessels as necessary.
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