Pathology - Minimal Change Disease
Pathophysiology Generally speaking, nephrotic syndrome is a noninflammatory glomerulopathy in which albumin and other tiny serum proteins are able to pass through the glomerular filtration barrier. Numerous factors can lead to nephrotic syndrome, such as certain glomerulopathies, infections, cancer, and systemic illnesses like lupus. Urinary albumin loss causes edema by lowering serum albumin concentration, which in turn lowers plasma oncotic pressure. Nephrotic syndrome can also cause other general complications, such as hyperlipidemia from disordered lipid processing, thrombosis from loss of urine anticlotting factors, infection from loss of immunoglobulin, and iron-resistant anemia from loss of transferrin. As in this instance, minimal change illness is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. Circulating factors that damage the filtration membrane are thought to be of lymphoid origin. The absence of glomerular abnormalities in biopsies examined under light microscopy gives rise to the disease's name. Most cases of corticosteroid treatment result in remission.
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