Pathology - Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation is a medical condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium of the heart due to a malfunctioning mit Possible causes encompass rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve prolapse, infective endocarditis, papillary muscle injury following myocardial infarction, and left ventricular dilatation. Pathophysiology: Occurs due to the abnormal alignment of the mitral valve and/or papillary muscles. The patient has a holosystolic, high-pitched, blowing murmur that is most audible at the apex and may radiate to the axilla. Additionally, an S3 sound may be detected. In acute instances, individuals may exhibit symptoms of pulmonary edema, however in chronic occurrences, individuals may experience weariness and weakness with physical effort. Possible complications are pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. Administer endocarditis prophylaxis and consider mitral valve replacement or repair in the presence of symptoms or indications of left ventricular dysfunction or dilatation. Mitral valve prolapse is the prevailing cardiac valve abnormality observed in young women, characterized by a murmur occurring during the late systolic phase accompanied by a midsystolic click. Pathologically, there is a condition where the mitral leaflet becomes larger and protrudes into the left atrium during the contraction phase of the heart. Additionally, there is annular dilatation, the thinning of chordae tendineae, and the fibrous thickening of valve leaflets. Typically, it is harmless, however it can be linked to connective tissue disorders such as Marfan Syndrome.
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