Pathology - Osteosarcoma
tumor produced by cancerous osteoblasts, which are cells that make bone. Bone infarcts, fibrous dysplasia, ionizing radiation, hereditary retinoblastoma, Paget disease of the bone, and p53 mutations are risk factors. occurs most commonly in men between the ages of 10 and 20, however the elderly have a lower peak of frequency. Pathology Gross: Develops in long bone metaphysis, particularly at the knee (proximal tibia, distal femur); huge, bulky mass with areas of cystic degeneration and bleeding; frequently destroys surrounding cortex and extends into medullary canal. Microscopic: development of neoplastic osteoid formation, anaplastic cells, and multinucleated large cells. Clinical Signs and Symptoms Pain and edema surrounding the fracture site; frequently spreads to the liver, brain, or lung and may show signs of metastasis. Results from the lab: elevated ALP levels in the serum. Imaging: sunburst growth pattern on radiograph; Codman triangle (raising of periosteum). Interventions chemotherapy; amputation of a limb; surgical resection. The 5-year survival rate for the prognosis is about 60%. The most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone is osteosarcoma. A malignant cartilaginous tumor, chondrosarcoma primarily affects men between the ages of 30 and 60. It usually affects the tibia, femur, ribs, pelvis, and spine.
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