Pathology - Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Patent Ductus Arteriosus refers to a medical condition characterized by the persistence of an open ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that should normally close shortly after birth. A congenital defect resulting from the incomplete closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus, sometimes associated with congenital rubella. The risk of this condition is higher in individuals residing at high altitudes due to fetal oxygen deprivation. Pathology: The condition is characterized by the persistence of contact between the pulmonary arteries and the aorta after birth, which typically closes within 24 hours of delivery. Pathophysiology: Left-to-right shunt occurs from decreased pulmonary vasculature resistance as compared to systemic vasculature resistance. The augmented volume overflow experienced by the left ventricle might result in left ventricular strain and subsequent heart failure. Presenting Symptoms The majority of individuals do not show any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they manifest as failure to thrive and respiratory infections in newborns. and cardiac insufficiency or atrial tachyarrhythmias in older individuals. The physical examination indicates a persistent "machinelike" murmur and a pronounced S2 sound. Possible complications encompass pulmonary hypertension and cardiac failure. Indomethacin closes patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in babies; misoprostol (PGE) keeps PDA open. Adults with large shunts should undergo either surgical or percutaneous closure. Therapy Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by the development of cyanosis in adulthood due to a reversal of blood flow from the left side of the heart to the right side. It is caused by uncorrected, physiologically substantial VSDs. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDAs).
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Kembara XtraFacts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery. Categories
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