Pathology - Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs).
Pathophysiology Common cardiac arrhythmias known as PACs are typically regarded as benign, rarely resulting in hemodynamic instability or other severe clinical signs. Premature ventricular contractions, or PVCs, can, however, frequently cause palpitations, anxiety, or psychosomatic chest discomfort, which can be distressing to patients. Although the exact cause of this disorder is unknown, high levels of stress, excessive coffee consumption, or insufficient sleep are frequently linked to the premature beats. It's interesting to note that both the irregular beats and the symptoms they produce usually go away with activity. The "fate" of a PAC is ultimately decided by intrinsic heart rate and the refractory time of the AV node or bundle branch fascicles. PACs are typically not routed through the AV node to the ventricles. A right bundle branch block may result from a PAC's ability to cross the AV node and reach the fascicular bundles because normal conduction pathways are slowed down. Because PACs have an ectopic origin and follow a different conduction channel through the atria than typical sinoatrial (SA) nodal stimulation, their ECG waveforms may appear abnormal.
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