Pathology - Prolactinoma
Pituitary lactotroph adenoma is the most prevalent type of pituitary tumor that causes this condition. Pituitary adenoma consists of many chromophobic cells that contain secretory granules filled with prolactin. Hyperprolactinemia causes reduced levels of LH and FSH by feedback inhibition, leading to amenorrhea and infertility. Symptoms and signs Absence of menstruation in women or erectile dysfunction in males; inability to conceive; spontaneous flow of milk from the breasts. Bitemporal hemianopsia or other visual abnormalities may occur due to potential compression of the optic chiasm by an adenoma. Laboratory results: Reduced LH and FSH, elevated prolactin levels. Treatment: Bromocriptine is used as a dopamine analog to inhibit prolactin secretion. Adenoma removal with surgery or radiation. Hyperprolactinemia can result from estrogen therapy, hypothyroidism, medications that affect dopamine secretion (such as methyl-dopa, reserpine, antipsychotic medicines), hypothalamic abnormalities, or renal insufficiency.
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