Pathology - Respiratory alkalosis
Acute respiratory alkalosis is triggered by hyperventilation and can also be caused by several conditions such as salicylate overdose, pneumonia, sepsis, pregnancy, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, or cirrhosis. Chronic respiratory alkalosis is induced by elevated altitudes or pregnancy. Main issue: Reduction in Pco2 levels- Compensatory response: Reduction in bicarbonate levels due to heightened production of nitric acid in the kidneys. Symptoms of acute respiratory alkalosis include reduced cerebral blood flow leading to light-headedness, anxiety, paresthesias, numbness around the mouth, tingling in the extremities, and hyperventilation. It may also result in cardiac arrhythmias. Laboratory results show elevated pH, reduced Pco2, and decreased HCO3 levels. Treat acute hyperventilation syndrome caused by worry by breathing into a paper bag to boost Pco2. Otherwise, address the underlying cause such as sepsis or pneumonia. Acute compensation involves a reduction of 2 mEq/L of bicarbonate for every 10-mm Hg decrease in carbon dioxide pressure. Chronic compensation occurs with a drop of 5 mEq/L in bicarbonate for every 10-mm Hg fall in Pco2.
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