Pathology - Silicosis
Pathophysiology Inhaling crystalline silica dust causes this long-term inflammatory lung parenchyma disease. The majority of individuals experience a notable lag time between exposure and the start of symptoms. The presence of silica dust in terminal respiratory units triggers the production of distinctive "onion skin" nodules on radiographs, as well as cytokine and macrophage responses. Fibroblast activation follows. Compared to general populations, these patients are far more prone to mycobacterial infections, and TB diagnoses can be made alongside silicosis diagnoses. In this patient, end-stage fibrosis is the cause of the fine rales. Spirometry results showing reduced total lung capacity and vital capacity are consistent with restrictive lung fibrosis. These patients typically maintain measurements that are more sensitive to big airway illness, such as the FEV1/FVC ratio.
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