​Pharmacology - Amoxicillin

​Pharmacology - Amoxicillin 
Bactericidal action of amoxicillin occurs through interfering with bacterial cell wall formation during cell division.

Mode of Action 

'Building blocks' are peptide chains that attach to the backbone of peptidoglycan cell walls; this enzyme is bound to and inhibited by this molecule. Typically administered with clavulanic acid, which blocks beta lactamases, to render it inactive against bacteria. 

Dosed intramuscularly, intravenously, or by gradual intravenous infusion. Probenecid prevents it from passing into any bodily fluid and then excreting it in urine. A medicine called ampicillin is administered intravenously.

Clinical Use 
Anthrax, diphtheria, gas gangrene, streptococcal, gonococcal, and meningococcal diseases; gram-negative bacteria moreover.

Resistance
Ineffective against staphylococci (because of beta-lactamase) and streptococci (because of a mutation in the transpeptidase enzyme, which hinders beta-lactam binding).

Risk of Side Effects
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders; seldom, colitis; hypersensitivity reactions (rash, urticaria, angioedema, fever, arthralgia, anaphylaxis).