​Pharmacology - Ciprofloxacin

​Pharmacology - Ciprofloxacin 
Decreases the efficiency of bacterial DNA synthesis. Norfloxacin and levofloxacin are similar medications.
Action Technique
 Blocks the action of DNA gyrase, also known as topoisomerase II, an enzyme necessary for chromosome supercoil production during transcription and replication. Administered intravenously or orally. Not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when aluminum or magnesium salts are present. Builds up in phagocytes after percolating via the kidney, prostate, and lungs. A portion is eliminated through urine and a portion is metabolized in the liver.

Medical Application
Effective against bacteria that do not have the gram-positive indicator, but has a stronger impact on species that do. As a treatment for gonorrhea, septicemia caused by sensitive organisms, infections of the urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, bones and joints, and respiratory tract infections not caused by pneumococci.

Potential Side Effects 
GI distress, headache, lightheadedness, skin rashes. Very rarely, it might cause tendon damage or central nervous system effects (such as convulsions or sleeplessness) by competing with GABA for receptors.