Pharmacology - Theophylline

​Pharmacology - Theophylline 
One of the actions of theophylline is bronchodilation. (Also stimulates CNS and CVS.)

Mode of Action 
Phosphodiesterase PDE4 is inhibited, which results in an increase in cAMP (and cGMP), which in turn relaxes smooth muscle.
The inhibition of PDE4 in inflammatory cells has the potential to decrease the release of mediators.

Oral formulations with sustained release of active ingredients. The plasma half-life, which is around eight hours, is shortened by heavy smoking and drinking, while it is lengthened by liver illness, heart failure, and viral infection.
Rifampicin, phenytoin, and carbamazepine contribute to a decrease in plasma levels, while erythromycin, diltiazem, fluconazole, and caffeine contribute to an increase in plasma levels. It is possible to administer aminophylline intravenously. Keeping an eye on the plasma levels is important.


Use in Clinical Settings 
One of the medications used in the treatment of chronic asthma that beta 2-agonists are unable to manage satisfactorily.
In cases of severe acute asthma, intravenous administration of aminophylline is recommended.

Adverse Effects
GIT problems, tachycardia, and anxiety are all symptoms. Serious dysrhythmia or seizures can be brought on by plasma levels that are too high.