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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Polymorphous Light Eruption
• Lymphocytic infiltration (on histologic examination, marked papillary edema favors polymorphic light eruption)
• Reticular erythematous mucinosis (clinically, polymorphous light eruption resolves once exposure to sunlight has ceased, in contrast to the persistent lesions of reticular erythematous mucinosis)
• SLE (most cases of polymorphic light eruption are negative with immunofluorescence testing)
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Polymyositis
• Alcoholic myopathy
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Dermatomyositis
• Diseases associated with polymyositis (e.g., sarcoidosis, HIV infection)
• Drug-induced myopathies (e.g., HMG reductase inhibitors, gemfibrozil)
• Fibromyalgia
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Inclusion body myositis
• Muscular dystrophies
• Myasthenia gravis or Eaton-Lambert syndrome
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Polyneuropathy
PREDOMINANTLY MOTOR
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Porphyria
• Diphtheria
• Lead
• Hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy, types I and II
• Paraneoplastic neuropathy
PREDOMINANTLY SENSORY
• Diabetes
• Amyloidosis
• Leprosy
• Lyme disease
• Paraneoplastic neuropathy
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Hereditary sensory neuropathy, types I-IV
PREDOMINANTLY AUTONOMIC
• Diabetes
• Amyloidosis
• Alcoholic neuropathy
• Familial dysautonomias
MIXED SENSORIMOTOR
• Systemic diseases: renal failure, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, rheumatoid arthritis, periarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, remote effect of malignant neoplasm
• Medications: isoniazid, nitrofurantoin, ethambutol, chloramphenicol, chloroquine, vincristine, vinblastine, dapsone, disulfiram, diphenylhydantoin, cisplatin, l-tryptophan
• Environmental toxins: n-hexane, methyl n-butyl ketone, acrylamide, carbon disulfide, carbon monoxide, hexachlorophene, organophosphates
• Deficiency disorders: malabsorption, alcoholism, vitamin B1 deficiency, Refsum’s disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Drug Induced Polyneuropathy
DRUGS IN ONCOLOGY
• Vincristine
• Procarbazine
• Cisplatin
• Misonidazole
• Metronidazole (Flagyl)
• Taxol
DRUGS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• Isoniazid
• Nitrofurantoin
• Dapsone
• ddC (dideoxycytidine)
• ddI (dideoxyinosine)
DRUGS IN CARDIOLOGY
• Hydralazine
• Perhexiline maleate
• Procainamide
• Disopyramide
DRUGS IN RHEUMATOLOGY
• Gold salts
• Chloroquine
DRUGS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
• Diphenylhydantoin
• Glutethimide
• Methaqualone
MISCELLANEOUS
• Disulfiram (Antabuse)
• Vitamin: pyridoxine (megadoses)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions
EXUDATIVE
• Neoplasm: bronchogenic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, mesothelioma, lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, Meigs’ syndrome
• Infections: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, Mycoplasma, TB, fungal and parasitic diseases, extension from subphrenic abscess
• Trauma
• Collagen-vascular diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, polyarteritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Pulmonary infarction
• Pancreatitis
• Postcardiotomy/Dressler’s syndrome
• Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (hydralazine, procainamide)
• Post abdominal surgery
• Ruptured esophagus
• Chronic effusion secondary to congestive failure
TRANSUDATIVE
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Hypoproteinemia from any cause
• Meigs’ syndrome
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bacterial Pneumonia
• Viral pneumonias
• Tuberculosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Pulmonary embolism or infarction
• Pulmonary edema
• Parasitic pneumonias
• Lung neoplasm
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
• Fungal pneumonias
• Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
• Drug-induced lung injury
• Bronchiolitis
• Atypical pneumonia
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.