- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Non alcoholic Fatty Liver
• Alcohol-induced liver disease (A daily alcohol intake of 20 g in women and 30 g in men [three 12-oz beers or 12 oz of wine] may be enough to cause alcohol-induced liver disease.)
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Toxin- or drug-induced liver disease
• Viral hepatitis
• Alcohol-induced liver disease (A daily alcohol intake of 20 g in women and 30 g in men [three 12-oz beers or 12 oz of wine] may be enough to cause alcohol-induced liver disease.)
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Toxin- or drug-induced liver disease
• Viral hepatitis
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Nummular Eczema
• Atopic dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Scabies
• Stasis dermatitis
• Tinea infection
• Atopic dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Scabies
• Stasis dermatitis
• Tinea infection
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Nystagmus
• CNS infections
• Congenital
• Labyrinthine or vestibular lesions
• Medications (e.g., meperidine, barbiturates, phenytoin phenothiazines)
• Multiple sclerosis
• Neoplasm (cerebellar, brainstem, cerebral)
• Optic atrophy
• Other: Arnold-Chiari malformation, syringobulbia, chorioretinitis,
meningeal cysts
• CNS infections
• Congenital
• Labyrinthine or vestibular lesions
• Medications (e.g., meperidine, barbiturates, phenytoin phenothiazines)
• Multiple sclerosis
• Neoplasm (cerebellar, brainstem, cerebral)
• Optic atrophy
• Other: Arnold-Chiari malformation, syringobulbia, chorioretinitis,
meningeal cysts
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Nystagmus, Monocular
• Amblyopia
• Brainstem infarct
• Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
• Lid fasciculations
• Monocular blindness
• Multiple sclerosis
• Strabismus
• Amblyopia
• Brainstem infarct
• Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
• Lid fasciculations
• Monocular blindness
• Multiple sclerosis
• Strabismus
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Obesity
• Chronic corticosteroid use
• Cirrhosis
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Hypothalamic disorders
• Hypothyroidism
• Insulinoma
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Chronic corticosteroid use
• Cirrhosis
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Hypothalamic disorders
• Hypothyroidism
• Insulinoma
• Nephrotic syndrome
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Delusions or psychosis, which may be mistaken for obsessive thoughts; distinguished from OCD in that the individual recognizes the ideas are not real
• Major depression, hypochondriasis, and several anxiety disorders with predominant obsessions or compulsions; however, in these disorders, the thoughts are not anxiety provoking or extremes of normal concern
• Other conditions in which compulsive behaviors are seen (e.g., trichotillomania)
• Other psychiatric disorders in which obsessive thoughts occur (e.g., body dysmorphic disorder or phobias)
• Paraphilias or pathologic gambling; distinguished from compulsions in that they are usually enjoyable
• Tics and stereotypic movements that appear compulsive but are not driven by the desire to neutralize an obsession
• Delusions or psychosis, which may be mistaken for obsessive thoughts; distinguished from OCD in that the individual recognizes the ideas are not real
• Major depression, hypochondriasis, and several anxiety disorders with predominant obsessions or compulsions; however, in these disorders, the thoughts are not anxiety provoking or extremes of normal concern
• Other conditions in which compulsive behaviors are seen (e.g., trichotillomania)
• Other psychiatric disorders in which obsessive thoughts occur (e.g., body dysmorphic disorder or phobias)
• Paraphilias or pathologic gambling; distinguished from compulsions in that they are usually enjoyable
• Tics and stereotypic movements that appear compulsive but are not driven by the desire to neutralize an obsession
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ocular Foreign Body
• Other keratitis
• Infection
• Herpes ulcers
• Glaucoma
• Corneal ulceration
• Corneal abrasion
• Other keratitis
• Infection
• Herpes ulcers
• Glaucoma
• Corneal ulceration
• Corneal abrasion
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Odynophagia
Causes of odynophagia:
INFECTIONS
• Herpes simplex virus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Candidiasis
CHEMICAL, INFLAMMATORY
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Drug induced (Slow-K, tetracyclines, quinidine)
• Irradiation
• Graft-versus-host disease
• Crohn’s disease
• Dermatologic diseases (pemphigus and pemphigoid)
Causes of odynophagia:
INFECTIONS
• Herpes simplex virus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Candidiasis
CHEMICAL, INFLAMMATORY
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Drug induced (Slow-K, tetracyclines, quinidine)
• Irradiation
• Graft-versus-host disease
• Crohn’s disease
• Dermatologic diseases (pemphigus and pemphigoid)
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Onychomycosis (Tinea Unguium)
• Yellow nail syndrome
• Trauma
• Subungual keratosis
• Psoriasis
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Paronychia
• Lichen planus
• Infection (e.g., Pseudomonas)
• Contact dermatitis
• Yellow nail syndrome
• Trauma
• Subungual keratosis
• Psoriasis
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Paronychia
• Lichen planus
• Infection (e.g., Pseudomonas)
• Contact dermatitis
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ophthalmoplegia
BILATERAL
• Botulism
• Myasthenia gravis
• Wernicke’s encephalopathy
• Acute cranial polyneuropathy
• Brainstem stroke
UNILATERAL
• Carotid, posterior (third cranial nerve, pupil involved,
communicating aneurysm)
• Diabetic, idiopathic (third or sixth cranial nerve, pupil spared)
• Myasthenia gravis
• Brainstem stroke
BILATERAL
• Botulism
• Myasthenia gravis
• Wernicke’s encephalopathy
• Acute cranial polyneuropathy
• Brainstem stroke
UNILATERAL
• Carotid, posterior (third cranial nerve, pupil involved,
communicating aneurysm)
• Diabetic, idiopathic (third or sixth cranial nerve, pupil spared)
• Myasthenia gravis
• Brainstem stroke
