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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of ECG changes
Axis deviation (left and right)
Bundle branch block (left and right)
Low voltage complexes: obesity, COPD, pleural effusion, myxoedema
P wave (absent and tall)
ST segment (elevation and depression)
Tachycardia
U wave
Axis deviation (left and right)
Bundle branch block (left and right)
Low voltage complexes: obesity, COPD, pleural effusion, myxoedema
P wave (absent and tall)
ST segment (elevation and depression)
Tachycardia
U wave
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Surgical Emphysema
Gas gangrene
Obstructive lung disease, e.g. asthma
Oesophageal injury
Positive pressure ventilation
Trauma, surgery, chest drain insertion
Gas gangrene
Obstructive lung disease, e.g. asthma
Oesophageal injury
Positive pressure ventilation
Trauma, surgery, chest drain insertion
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Surgical Emphysema
Gas gangrene
Obstructive lung disease, e.g. asthma
Oesophageal injury
Positive pressure ventilation
Trauma, surgery, chest drain insertion
Gas gangrene
Obstructive lung disease, e.g. asthma
Oesophageal injury
Positive pressure ventilation
Trauma, surgery, chest drain insertion
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Burns, snake bites, grafts
Haemolytic transfusion reaction
Infection: Gram -ve sepsis
Malignancy: (AML: M3; adenocarcinoma)
Obstetric complications: missed abortion, severe pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, amniotic fluid emboli)
Severe trauma
Surgery
Burns, snake bites, grafts
Haemolytic transfusion reaction
Infection: Gram -ve sepsis
Malignancy: (AML: M3; adenocarcinoma)
Obstetric complications: missed abortion, severe pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, amniotic fluid emboli)
Severe trauma
Surgery
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dizziness
Faintness: anaemia, blackouts
Imbalance
Vertigo
Faintness: anaemia, blackouts
Imbalance
Vertigo
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dry eyes
Corneal epitheliopathy: trigeminal dysfunction, contact lens use
Drugs: antihistamines, antidepressants, 13-blockers, contraceptive pills, diuretics
radiation), reduced Mucin layer (reduced vitamin A, burns, circatricial pemphigoid)
Reduced Eyelid closure: facial nerve palsy, Graves' disease, prolonged reading
Reduced Tear production: reduced Lipid layer (blepharitis), reduced Aqueous layer (involvement of lacrimal glands: Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, surgery,
Corneal epitheliopathy: trigeminal dysfunction, contact lens use
Drugs: antihistamines, antidepressants, 13-blockers, contraceptive pills, diuretics
radiation), reduced Mucin layer (reduced vitamin A, burns, circatricial pemphigoid)
Reduced Eyelid closure: facial nerve palsy, Graves' disease, prolonged reading
Reduced Tear production: reduced Lipid layer (blepharitis), reduced Aqueous layer (involvement of lacrimal glands: Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, surgery,
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dry mouth
Dehydration
Drugs: anticholinergics, antidepressants, antihistamines, diuretics, neuroleptics
Psychogenic: anxiety
Systemic disease: Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, HIV, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Dehydration
Drugs: anticholinergics, antidepressants, antihistamines, diuretics, neuroleptics
Psychogenic: anxiety
Systemic disease: Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, HIV, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
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Symptoms and Signs - Dullness at the lung base
Basal collapse
Pleural effusion
Pleural thickening (old TB, empyema, mesothelioma)
Raised hemidiaphragm (hepatomegaly, phrenic nerve palsy)
Basal collapse
Pleural effusion
Pleural thickening (old TB, empyema, mesothelioma)
Raised hemidiaphragm (hepatomegaly, phrenic nerve palsy)
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis 0f Dupuytren's contracture
Familial
Increased Frequency among alcoholics and diabetics
Familial
Increased Frequency among alcoholics and diabetics
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dysgeusia
Chronic nasal blockage
Old age
Facial nerve palsy
Drugs/toxins: metronidazole, ACE inhibitors, anti-thyroid drugs, Lithium,
clarythromicin, heavy metals (e.g. lead poisoning)
Dental procedures
Rare:
Malignancy, bone marrow transplantation, GI (GORD, irritable bowel disease,
cirrhosis)
Nutritional: Zn/8 12 deficiency
Haemodialysis
HIV
Hypothyroidism
Depression
Chronic nasal blockage
Old age
Facial nerve palsy
Drugs/toxins: metronidazole, ACE inhibitors, anti-thyroid drugs, Lithium,
clarythromicin, heavy metals (e.g. lead poisoning)
Dental procedures
Rare:
Malignancy, bone marrow transplantation, GI (GORD, irritable bowel disease,
cirrhosis)
Nutritional: Zn/8 12 deficiency
Haemodialysis
HIV
Hypothyroidism
Depression
