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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Reduced Respiratory rate
Physiological: well-conditioned athletes
CNS disease: infection (meningitis, encephalitis), trauma (head injury), tumour
Ci intracranial pressure), drugs (sedatives), coma
Physiological: well-conditioned athletes
CNS disease: infection (meningitis, encephalitis), trauma (head injury), tumour
Ci intracranial pressure), drugs (sedatives), coma
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Reticulocytosis
Haemolysis
Haemorrhage
After the response to B12/folate/iron treatment given to marrow that lack these
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of wave, dominant in V1
Right ventricular hypertrophy, right pulmonary embolism Posterior Ml
Myocarditis
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (left-sided accessory pathway) Misplaced pacemaker! (in left atrium)
Right ventricular hypertrophy, right pulmonary embolism Posterior Ml
Myocarditis
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (left-sided accessory pathway) Misplaced pacemaker! (in left atrium)
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Rash
Cutaneous diseases, e.g. eczema, psoriasis, urticaria Drugs
Infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) Inflammatory/connective tissue diseases Malignancy
Hyperpigmentation, Hypopigmented macules, Photodistributed rash
Cutaneous diseases, e.g. eczema, psoriasis, urticaria Drugs
Infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) Inflammatory/connective tissue diseases Malignancy
Hyperpigmentation, Hypopigmented macules, Photodistributed rash
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon
Idiopathic
Occupational (vibrating tools)
Connective tissue diseases: scleroderma, SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid
arthritis, dermatomyositis
Cold agglutinins
Cryoglobulinaemia, macroglobulinaemia (Waldenstrom's) Cervical rib
Drugs: (3-blockers
Vascular disease
Rectal discharge
Common
Haemorrhoids
Anal fissure
Rectal prolapse
Proctitis
Perianal warts
Occasional
Rectal carcinoma
Anal fistula
Perianal IBD
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
Villous adenoma
Rarely
Infection: anal TB, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV Anal carcinoma
Idiopathic
Occupational (vibrating tools)
Connective tissue diseases: scleroderma, SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid
arthritis, dermatomyositis
Cold agglutinins
Cryoglobulinaemia, macroglobulinaemia (Waldenstrom's) Cervical rib
Drugs: (3-blockers
Vascular disease
Rectal discharge
Common
Haemorrhoids
Anal fissure
Rectal prolapse
Proctitis
Perianal warts
Occasional
Rectal carcinoma
Anal fistula
Perianal IBD
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
Villous adenoma
Rarely
Infection: anal TB, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV Anal carcinoma
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Red blood cell fragmentation
Artificial heart valve/artificial graft Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
DIC, HUS, TTP, malignant hypertension, meningococcal septicaemia, pre-eclampsia
Widespread adenocarcinoma
Artificial heart valve/artificial graft Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
DIC, HUS, TTP, malignant hypertension, meningococcal septicaemia, pre-eclampsia
Widespread adenocarcinoma
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Red Eye
Conjunctivitis {allergic, viral, bacterial, chlamydia!) Episcleritis
Scleritis
lritis {anterior uveitis)
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Other: inflamed pinguecula, subconjuctival haemorrhage See also Painful red eye
Conjunctivitis {allergic, viral, bacterial, chlamydia!) Episcleritis
Scleritis
lritis {anterior uveitis)
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Other: inflamed pinguecula, subconjuctival haemorrhage See also Painful red eye
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Absent Red Reflexive
Cataract
Corneal oedema {acute angle closure glaucoma) Vitreous hemorrhage
Retinal detachment
Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Absent reflexes with up-going plantars
Motor neurone disease
Friedreich's ataxia
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord {B12 deficiency) Spinal shock
Tabes dosalis
Pellagra
Conus medullaris lesion
Severe hyponatraemia
Cataract
Corneal oedema {acute angle closure glaucoma) Vitreous hemorrhage
Retinal detachment
Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Absent reflexes with up-going plantars
Motor neurone disease
Friedreich's ataxia
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord {B12 deficiency) Spinal shock
Tabes dosalis
Pellagra
Conus medullaris lesion
Severe hyponatraemia
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
Optic neuritis
Optic nerve compression Central retinal artery occlusion Retinal detachment
Glaucoma {unilateral)
Optic neuritis
Optic nerve compression Central retinal artery occlusion Retinal detachment
Glaucoma {unilateral)
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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Renal tubular acidosis
Type 1
Autoimmune: Sjogren's syndrome, SLE, primary biliary cirrhosis Nephrocalcinosis: hypercalcaemia, medullary sponge kidney Obstructive uropathy
Toxic: amphotericin, Lithium, transplanted kidney {rejection) Sickle cell anaemia
(Mnemonic: Acid NOT Secreted)
Type2
Acquired: myeloma, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, Drugs: acetazolamide, heavy metals
Congenital: as part of Fanconi's syndrome, fructose intolerance, cystinosis, Wilson's disease, tyrosinaemia
Type4
Diabetes mellitus Pyelonephritis
Renal tubular acidosis continued Drugs: NSAIDs, potassium-sparing diuretics Urinary obstruction
Sickle cell disease
Type 1
Autoimmune: Sjogren's syndrome, SLE, primary biliary cirrhosis Nephrocalcinosis: hypercalcaemia, medullary sponge kidney Obstructive uropathy
Toxic: amphotericin, Lithium, transplanted kidney {rejection) Sickle cell anaemia
(Mnemonic: Acid NOT Secreted)
Type2
Acquired: myeloma, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, Drugs: acetazolamide, heavy metals
Congenital: as part of Fanconi's syndrome, fructose intolerance, cystinosis, Wilson's disease, tyrosinaemia
Type4
Diabetes mellitus Pyelonephritis
Renal tubular acidosis continued Drugs: NSAIDs, potassium-sparing diuretics Urinary obstruction
Sickle cell disease
